WUTHERING HEIGHTS |
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| 作 者 【英】艾米莉·勃朗特 |
| 出 版 社 商务印书馆 |
| 书 号 100-01192-2 |
| 责任编辑 |
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开本 |
32 |
| 出版时间 |
1995年10月 |
字数 |
千字 |
| 装 帧 |
平装 |
印张 |
0 |
| 带 盘 |
否 |
页数 |
383 |
| 定 价 |
¥12.5 |
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| 普通会员 |
¥11.5
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| 银牌会员 |
¥9.6
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| 金牌会员 |
¥9.4
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| 批量购书 |
电话:
010-51287918 |
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WUTHERING HEIGHTS 内容提要 |
Wuthering Heights is the one and only novel by Emily Brontë,who died at the age of twenty-nine,a year after the publication of her novel. Her short life was found to be quite as enigmatic as her masterpiece. Born in 1818,she was the fifth of the six children of an Irish country parson and his frail wife. Two years later,when all six children were under the age of 7,the Brontës made the Haworth Parsonage on the Yorkshire moors their home,where the mother died of cancer soon after her arrival. Her sister Elizabeth came and stayed on to look after the motherless family. But the children had little affection from either the aunt or the father. They kept very much to themselves,and imagined adventures for their toy soldiers. So Emily and her younger sister Anne invented a saga devoted to the island of Gondal,in tiny books in microscopic writing which occupied them for years. They also had real adventures of their own in the moors that stretch to a radius of 20 miles around the hill village of Haworth,which were undoubtedly also a stimulus to invention. After brief unhappy experiences at schools and later working as a governess,Emily returned at the end of 1842 to Haworth,where she spent the rest of her brief life. In 1845,her elder sister Charlotte discovered Emily's poems,and brought them out the following year in a joint publication,Poems by Currer,Ellis and Acton Bell. These poems by “Ellis Bell” (the pseudonym of Emily) place their author among the most original poets of the century. Wuthering Heights,written between October 1845 and June 1846,was published by T.C. Newby in December 1847. Unlike Charlotte's novel Jane Eyre,it only met with hostile incomprehension. A year later,the young authoress of the unrecognized masterpiece died of consumption December 19,1848. Of her last days,Charlotte wrote“Day by day,when I saw with what a front she met suffering,I looked on her with an anguish of wonder and love. I have seen nothing like it; but,indeed,I have never seen her parallel in anything. Stronger than a man,simpler than a child,her nature stood alone.” It was from this unparalleled nature of hers that an unparalleled novel came into being. The central action of the novel evolves around Heathcliff's unparalleled relationship with Catherine: from union to separation,then from separation to reunion in death. It is set in motion with the arrival of Heathcliff at Wuthering Heights,a gypsy waif whom Mr. Earnshaw has picked up in the streets of Liverpool and brings home to rear as one of his own children. Heathcliff and the daughter Cathy become attached to each other,while the father's affection for the foundling makes his son Hindley furiously jealous. Upon the early death of his father,Hindley,now master of the house,bullies Heathcliff and reduces him to the humiliating position of farm drudge,though Cathy remains loyal as ever. An accident,however,brings her into Thrushcross Grange,where the young girl becomes attracted by the young master Edgar Linton's good looks and good manners and the family's social standing. When Heathcliff overhears her declaring that she cannot marry him because it would degrade her,he runs away in a rage of passion. The separation lasts until he returns three years later,mysteriously enriched,to find Cathy unhappily married to Edgar. Inflamed by Cathy's betrayal,the stormy eruptions of his passionate and ferocious nature now make life intolerable for her and promptly send the rueful broken-hearted Cathy to her grave. Now that their earthly separation is complete,the vengeful Heathcliff pursues relentlessly the ruination of the two houses. The demonic thirst for revenge,however,brings him neither satisfaction nor peace. Only the memory of the dead Cathy drives him on with the “one universal idea”of a final union with her spirit,which he ultimately brings about with a wilful fast. This strange tale is without question one of the greatest tragic love stories of all times, comparable to Tolstoy's Anna Karenina and Cao Xueqin's The Dream of the Red Chamber. However,there are significant differences. Whereas both the Russian and the Chinese masterpiece have for their background the glamourous panorama of glittering high society life, the tragic life and death of Heathcliff and Catherine is set against the “atmospheric tumult”of the wild moors of the north of England. Stripped of external trappings,the drama of their “immortal” love appeals by an emotional power and intensity of its own that defies mundane imagination. But it is more than a great love story. For it is also a tragedy of human alienation. Heathcliff begins his fictional career as “a dirty,ragged,black-haired child,”a homeless gypsy foundling:an archetypal child of nature. Once thrust into the midst of “human” society,his innocent nature begins to be twisted and distorted by the forces of hate which turn the Heights into a place "where every man's hand is against his neighbour." Still he might endure it all and retain his human dignity,did he not find himself betrayed by the only love which is nothing less than his life itself. When that love is beyond redemption in this world,Heathcliff's course of utter alienation is destined not to end until it reaches,inexorably,the other extreme of angelic innocence:“a lying fiend,a monster,not a human being.” After all,“Heaven hath no rage like love to hatred turned!” Most of all,however,the novel is a supreme true tragedy in that it depicts the drama and spectacle of the most poignant sufferings of a noble human soul. Heathcliff is a peculiar sort of the noble savage,and his nobility as a tragic hero lies essentially in his soul's great capacity for suffering. Linton suffers (innocently by mundane standards),Cathy suffers (largely because she betrays her true self),but the emotional focus of the novel,that which dominates and organizes the sequence of emotional responses on the part of the attentive and sensitive reader, is the sustained course of intense sufferings that turns the hero's soul into a living hell. Read in this light,the controversial “mysterious” novel becomes at once a masterpiece comprehensible and admirable in all its aspects and proportions. Why does the novel open with a most bizarre bloodcurdling incident as it does? Simply because it means to strike unerringly from the very beginning the keynote of the hero's ever-suffering soul. Heathcliff's haunting cry “Come in! Come in! Cathy,do come in!” echoes throughout the story. Even the commonplace young city spark Lockwood is shaken by “such anguish in the gush of grief that accompanied this raving,that my compassion made me overlook its folly.”The stage is set for a powerful tragedy of the ever-suffering soul. One thing that has baffled and even repelled some critics and readers alike is Heathcliff's “demonic”thirst for revenge that plunges him into abysmal plots and ferocities against others,mostly innocent victims. Even her sister Charlotte felt compelled to apologize for such “immorality” and send the “unredeemed” Heathcliff “never once swerving in his arrowstraight course to perdition.” But for Heathcliff,love is suffering,from the beginning to the end. What happens after Cathy's death is but an intensified continuation of what has happened before. So if one rose above Charlotte's “Christian ethics” or the like,one could perhaps see and feel all Heathcliff's unspeakable outrages are nothing but horrifying symptoms of the upheavals in his tormented soul. Heathcliff is after all a giant defying a world of dwarfs and the drama of his ordeal the highest homage to man's spirituality. Wu Ningkun (巫宁坤)
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